Mountains

In mountain regions, food chains are shaped by the rugged landscape and the challenges posed by the altitude and climate. Little vegetation exists, but plants like alpine grasses, mosses, and low-growing shrubs dominate. 

These plants are well-suited to the cold, windy, and short growing seasons at high elevations. They provide food and shelter to herbivores like mountain goats and ibex, which help support apex predators like snow leopards in the Himalayas and golden eagles in the Rockies. 

As elevation increases, the food web becomes more straightforward, with harsher conditions and fewer species. This gradual simplification of the ecosystem with increasing elevation is a key characteristic of mountain food webs.